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Smoking criteria are based on those used in the National Health Interview Survey and are liberal based on smoking patterns most common in young adults and to include ethnic/racial minority populations, who tend to smoke fewer cigarettes per day than Caucasians [ 1 ].
Smoking criteria are based on those used in the National Health Interview Survey and are liberal based on smoking patterns most common in young adults and to include ethnic/racial minority populations, who tend to smoke fewer cigarettes per day than Caucasians [ 1]. previous participation in the TSP feasibility trial.
This was roughly based on smoking patterns in North America in the 1950s and 1960s [ 15].
None of the female patients met the screening criteria based on smoking history: Thirty-six were never smokers and 3 were light smokers.
Similarly, additional risk stratification based on smoking history will also not suffice as in practice it will lack the necessary accuracy.
Significant findings were found based on smoking history across all pulmonary measures, and for exposure status, radiographic findings, age and gender for select pulmonary parameters.
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For the oesophagus and pancreas the estimated risk increases based on smoking-adjusted data should be more like 10% and not statistically significant, while for oropharyngeal cancer we estimate the increase to be a marginally significant 36% when all the data are considered, and to be zero when attention is restricted to studies published since 1990.
The third regression model was conducted to estimate the endurance time value based on gender, smoking status, hand dominance, hand position, wrist position, Borg scale exertion, and MVC.
Chi-square tests were used to assess differences based on gender, smoking status, and the use of medications.
Stratified analyses were performed for subgroups based on gender, smoking status and respiratory health status (healthy vs self-reported current asthma or COPD assessed from spirometry).
However, few studies have evaluated the smoking history based on a smoking versus never-smoking history or analyzed the relationship between smoking history and site and stage of presentation.
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