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For those miRNAs with less or no validated targets, target mRNAs were predicted based on "seed sequences" using the TargetScan program [ 19].
Based on seed sequences, 35 miRNA families were identified (26 known and 9 novel miRNA families) to contain at least two members and the identification of novel miRNAs added new members to 5 known families (Table 6).
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The mature miRNA with RISC will bind to and silence its target mRNA based on seed sequence complementarity, generally at the 3' UTR.
We then grouped all 415 zebrafish miRNAs into families based on seed sequence identity as a means to identify possible functional redundancy.
(XLSX 259 kb) Additional file 4: Identification of Novel Bovine miRNAs Based on Seed Sequence Alignments (A) and Sequence Identity of Novel Bovine miRNAs from BLAST Analysis of miRBase 19 (B).
We used the computational algorithms miRanda, PicTar, and TargetScan to identify prion-related potential target genes of the de-regulated miRNAs based on seed-sequence homology with 3' UTRs of mRNA transcripts [26] [28].
Second, TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org) was used to detect target gene candidates based on seed complementarity on UTR database 6.0 and our porcine RefSeq transcript with our miRNA seed sequence [ 99].
based on seed values dependent on a random number generator.
Although highly homologous, the miR-200 family members (miR-141, miR-429, miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-200c) can be divided into two functional groups based on their seed sequences, nucleotides 2 to 7 of the miRNA, which play an important role in target recognition.
In addition, these miRNAs are divided into four subfamilies based on their seed sequences.
Discontinuous distribution across the animal kingdom showed diversity of miRNA sequences based on certain seed sequence, and the sufficient variations flank mature miRNAs could contribute to the evolutionary diversification of these key regulatory genes [28].
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