In particular, ethical and colloquial (e.g., not based on scientific evidence) considerations are inherent to the thought process underlying healthcare decisionmaking [ 21, 43] but are often not explicitly acknowledged or discussed, let alone communicated to other stakeholders.
This makes clear that the reply to the question of what proportion of cancers are due to environment depends in the first place on how broad or restrictive definition of environment one chooses, any such choice being based on scientific as well as subjective considerations, often value-laden.
According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NICEE) decisions on the appropriate allocation of resources are based on scientific judgments, supported by legal considerations and, importantly for this research, social value judgments [ 11].
Knowledge about climate adaptation is crucial in the development of climate adaptation policies that incorporate deliberate consideration of how and when to act based on scientific evidence (Adger et al. 2009, p. 5).
This differentiation would be all but useful for dietary advice but it requires some consideration when reference values are to be based on scientific evidence.
But decisions must be based on scientific evidence.
Lees said the work was based on scientific research.
The decisions are supposed to be based on scientific evidence.
It was a reasonable decision, based on scientific evidence.
There is a danger, then, of begging central questions if we draw general conclusions about "the" explanation of "our" moral thought and behavior based on scientific considerations as is common in discussions of scientific work in this area.
