This work, as previous research did [ 13], also showed that studies on resilience indicators tend to be highly heterogeneous.
The learning system is then applied in a simulated air transport context and the impact of each reinforcement function on resilience indicator estimation is assessed.
We proposed an index of spatial resilience based on landscape indicators related to the abundance of the most important pest of Mediterranean olive groves, Bactrocera oleae.
In other approaches to measuring community- and local-level social resilience, Harrald (2012) proposed a logic framework with measures of inputs, outputs, activities, and outcomes, for developing quantifiable community resilience metrics based on socioeconomic indicators, social networks, and emergency response capabilities.
Michigan grades schools based on 11 indicators, only one of which is test scores for the school as a whole.
Despite some existence of validated resilience-building measures like the Promotion Adult Resilience Program (Liossis et al. 2009), a theoretical discussion on adult resilience training, based on the resilience concept, is lacking.
Local officials insist that based on key indicators like hotel occupancy, business is up over a year ago.
Fathom's calculations, based on alternative indicators such as electricity use, suggest GDP growth of 3% or even less.
Any tool to replace or supplement GDP would have to be based on concrete indicators and not merely subjective concepts.
The evidence is based on 10 indicators.
