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Second, because this study is based on repeated cross sections instead of longitudinal data, changes in one individual could not be specified.
Two studies reach divergent results: Based on panel data, both studies found that consumption of spirits decreased by 7-87-8% the year following the decrease in taxation, however, based on repeated cross sectional data a 6-116-11%rease in total consumption was found [ 52, 53].
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In spite of raising concern about the global diabetes epidemic there are actually surprisingly few up to date reports published in various countries on the size of the current problem based on repeated cross-sectional population-based surveys.
For instance, previous research on Mexican earnings assimilation is based on repeated cross-sectional data, and does not adjust for potential bias on account of selection in immigration and emigration (see discussion in Borjas 1994 3.
An analysis procedure based on repeated cross-validation is suggested.
The empirical analysis is based on repeated cross-sectional data from 49 public hospitals and 4 private, non-profit hospitals.
This panel design, based on repeated cross-sectional examinations conducted approximately every 3 4 years, resulted in serial observations from childhood to young adulthood, allowing longitudinal analyses.
Most past studies that have focused on BMI trends over time were based on repeated cross-sectional samples [ 23, 24] or single cohort studies [ 25, 26].
This panel design, based on repeated cross-sectional examinations performed every 3 to 4 years, resulted in serial observations required for the longitudinal analysis.
In addition, most studies that have evaluated changes in mean BMI over time have been based on repeated cross-sectional or single-cohort designs [ 6, 8, 12, 17], and few national-level examinations of BMI trajectories over longer time periods have been undertaken in different age groups and different birth cohorts [ 5].
A panel design, based on repeated (at ∼3 4 years) cross-sectional surveys of school-aged children and adults who participated in earlier surveys as children, resulted in the formation of a prospective longitudinal cohort with serial observations from child- to adulthood.
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