Intuitively, for the data carrier X ̂ ( k ), we can measure its reliability based on relative posterior probability that the difference term D k) equals X ̂ ( k ) − 〈 X ̂ ( k ) 〉 to the probability that it equals some other vector X ̂ ( k ) − Ω m | Ω m ≠ 〈 X ̂ ( k ) 〉.
Also here if the link trust probabilities are fluctuating, a measure based on relative dependence is used for identifying the stability of clustering.
Quantification was based on relative band intensity.
This does not imply that non-psychological game theorists abjure all principled ways of restricting sets of NE to subsets based on their relative probabilities of arising.
We specifically asked whether two identical rewards, with identical RPE, could evoke different brain responses based on their relative probability, while taking care to exclude SPE mechanisms.
Once the timing of the next event is determined, the event is chosen based on its relative probability compared to other emigration events.
In theory, the frequencies of di-, tetra-,etrand penta-, and hexanucleotide repeats should progressively decrease, based on the relative probability of replication slippage events.
Finally, consider selection based on relatives.
Cost values for the intervening land cover types were determined based on the probability of selection relative to high-quality winter habitat.
The population size N is kept constant by randomly removing 1%% of the population every computational update (equivalent to about 100 updates per generation), and replacing those organisms by randomly choosing which survivors reproduce with a probability based on their relative fitness.
