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However, such epidemiological studies are often based on questionnaires or software-based registrations of computer use but lack physiological measurements, for example, muscle activity patterns.
Previous studies based on questionnaires or case-vignettes strongly suggest that a low number of available ICU beds may influence triage strategies [8, 9].
Recall bias is eliminated since information was recorded prospectively and not based on questionnaires or interviews.
Perhaps, this is because measurement of BMI involves physical examination, whereas most of these surveys are based on questionnaires or interviews.
All of these studies are analyses based on questionnaires or focus groups of student [ 6– 10, 29, 30] or supervisor perceptions [ 1].
Studies based on questionnaires or registers do not require approval from the regional or national Committee on Health Research Ethics in Denmark.
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Other papers where symptoms are described based on questionnaire or clinical notes were not included.
However, the exposure estimate based on questionnaire or job title may be subject to recall bias or inaccuracy.
Large scale research projects in behaviour genetics and genetic epidemiology are often based on questionnaire or interview data.
For outpatients with type 2 diabetes, durable (1- to 2-year) increases in physical activity have been reported after counseling, based on questionnaires (6) or accelerometer records (7), with approximately −0.5% A1C reductions, and benefits on blood pressure and serum lipids.
Population-based cohort study based on questionnaires and nationwide registries.
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