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Eligibility criteria based on previous exercise trials for women with BCRL will be followed [ 26, 40].
The timeframe of the intervention, number of participants and other elements were based on previous exercise program experiences with the same population (Curcio, Franco et al 2000).
We will allow for 20%% dropout rate (this is a conservative estimate based on previous exercise programs with older people), and therefore will recruit 60 participants per group.
The sample size was inflated by 20% to accommodate the anticipated dropout rate over 6 months, based on previous exercise and OA trials in the literature and in our experience.
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The estimate of the effect size was based on previous studies on exercise training in pulmonary rehabilitation [ 17].
The exercises were selected based on previous research demonstrating these exercises or similar variations to have reduced medial knee joint load, improved cartilage quality and physical function in people at risk of developing or progressing established knee OA [ 36, 42, 43].
For example, based on previous prediction models [ 81], the exercise-induced changes in BMD observed at the FN and LS in the current meta-analysis would reduce the 20-year relative risk of osteoporotic fracture at any site by approximately 11% and 10%, respectively.
All exercises used will be selected from safe core exercises during pregnancy based on previous research findings [ 37].
It is based on previous work that shows that such an exercise programme improves pain and function [ 18].
The exercise positions are based on previous studies of hip strengthening [ 34, 39, 40], and are chosen to maximally isolate the hip abductors and external rotators, respectively.
The quadriceps exercise regime is based on previous studies [ 40, 44], and chosen to maximally isolate the quadriceps muscles while still approximating a traditional quadriceps strengthening regime.
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