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Indeed, BARD's timeliness increased by nearly one hour and based on previous estimates [ 12] that a delay of one hour in detection results in as much as $250 million additional economic costs, this increase is quite significant.
Based on previous estimates of the planets' densities, the scientists assume that the planets likely formed much farther out from their current positions, beyond what is considered the "ice line" — the distance from the star, beyond which space is cold enough for ice crystals to spontaneously form.
In our analysis, the minimum, maximum, and average values of the prior distribution on the substitution rate were defined based on previous estimates of fungal nucleotide substitution rates obtained using different calibration time points (protein clock-based estimate of fungi-animal divergence11, protein clock-based estimate of fungi-plant-animal divergence12, and ascomycete fossils)13.
Based on previous estimates by the company, the relief well would be completed no sooner than early August, barring and further setbacks.
Since our region of interest lies tailward from the current sheet hinging area, the parameter α was fixed at a constant value of α=3 based on previous estimates in TF04.
The neutral rate estimate for species in our alignment, based on previous estimates from other genomic loci [18], [19], is 2.75 substitutions/site.
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For DEP we assumed an FUE of 69% (excreted as MEP) based on previous estimate for DnBP excretion.
Predictions of E. coli burden using an empirical model based on previous best estimates of excretion and shedding rates were also evaluated against observed data.
Based on previous survival estimates in this population [28], we predict that the increased mass loss suffered by choosy females (8.1% of body mass) would result in only a marginal (0 2%) decrease in annual survival if a cool La Niña year follows reproduction.
In order to time-calibrate the phylogeny, we used three fossil-based prior age calibrations and a secondary calibration based on previous divergence-time estimates [ 18].
Based on previous molecular clock estimates, lacertids may have entered Africa (and at the same time split from the Palearctic clade) after Eurasia contacted Africa in the Neogene, some 17 19 million years ago (Mya) [ 7].
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