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The primary case definition used (fever and a parasitaemia >2500 parasites/µL) was chosen for cohort 1 based on previous background data from the Manhiça area, where it had been estimated to be 91% specific and 95% sensitive [11].
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Based on previous estimates of background mutations rates of 0.5 SNP/year (7 ), the pairwise distance between isolates from patient 1 and 2 increases confidence in the epidemiologic data implicating transmission >4 years earlier, although uncertainties exist around such estimates.
These associations would not be expected, based on previous estimates of near-background levels of radiation exposure following the accident.
These background signals were unexpected based on previous results with a radioactive protocol yielding significantly lower background [12].
The genes were selected based on existing knowledge of their role in inflammation and based on expression above background in blood cells based on previous studies [ 24, 25].
We provided three papers based on previous research to each panelist in order to provide background information on the topic.
Instead, the contribution of the pre-Fukushima background can only be estimated based on previous monitoring data (see Table S4 in the Supporting Information).
Background colour was visually perceivable to the developing individuals and based on previous studies, we assume visual perception to be the main input that triggers colour change to match the background (see [ 14] and references therein).
Based on previous studies (Wei et al. 2007), combined with regional sedimentary background knowledge, we propose a shallow-water delta model in study area of the K2 qn 3 Formation in the Daqingzijing oilfield (Fig. 12).
The background for choosing C1M and ELM was based on previous findings from fibrosis-related diseases of the lung (IPF and COPD, 25).
We construct measures for non-cognitive skills based on previous research in the field, such as self-reports and non-response in the background questionnaire.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com