The retailer, equipped with intermittent generation units, prepares offering curves based on predicted uncertainties associated with electricity price, clients' consumption and wind power generation.
At present, operational power forecasts are primarily based on the predicted wind speed of a single-valued deterministic Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) simulation.
This close association indicates the possibility of forecasting the equatorial total ozone QBO based on the predicted wind QBO.
Here, we assume that at step k + 1, the nominal load and wind power output are known (or can be predicted based on wind power prediction method [27] and historical demand data).
Moreover, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of GSOICLW, it is tested and compared with GSO, PSO and the algorithm of primal-dual interior point (PDIP) based on the modified IEEE 30-bus test system, considering the predicted wind speeds.
In Fig. 3, the reference input P ref.i = P forecast.i corresponds to the distributed control to smooth the wind power according to the predicted power deviation, and the reference input P Σref = P Σforecast corresponds to the aggregated control to smooth the overall wind power of a cluster of wind farms based on the predicted power deviation.
In general, the available wind power output can be predicted based on the wind and weather conditions.
The locations for the wind farms are on buses 7, 10, 16, 24 and 30, and predicted wind speeds and number of wind turbines operated in the wind farms are given in Table 1.
Based on standardised predicted FEV1 values.
The other is to forecast wind power based on wind speeds from weather forecast.
