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The criteria for clinical significant improvement was to have a score below 43.3 (closer to healthy population than to SAD population [53] and the reliable change criterion was established using the test-retest reliability coefficient of.97 [34]. Cohen's d based on pooled standard deviations was used to calculate effect sizes.
**Effect sizes are calculated based on pooled standard deviations.
Effect-sizes (ES) are reported as Cohen's d, based on pooled standard deviations (Cohen, 1988).
Between monitor-agreement was evaluated by calculating effect sizes based on pooled standard deviations and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) using a two-way mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the assumption of absolute agreement.
Treatment effects of crown therapy in patients with severe AI were compared with the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and ES calculated with Cohen's d based on pooled standard deviations.
In a meta-analysis of the differences in defensiveness of Africanized and European bees, we compared the average effect size (Cohen's d, based on pooled standard deviations of the samples) from this study with others (see Table 1).
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Our N. ceranae spore counts were based on pooled samples of 20 bees using the standard methods and were highly variable between colonies, as is typical for this species (Meana et al., 2010; Mulholland et al., 2012), but no significant difference (Kruskal Wallis, d.f. = 3, H = 1.37, P = 0.7) was detected between the four islands.
Finally, we considered estimation of animal-level prevalence based on pooled samples.
These inferences have often been based on "pooled" data.
Based on the baseline pooled standard deviation and post-treatment means, the effect size was 1.85.
Summary scores for the five cognitive domains were constructed by converting the raw scores from the individual tests to standardised scores (z scores) that were based on the means and pooled standard deviations of the whole population.
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