In addition to population stratification effects due to geographical origin, non random breeding based on phenotypic traits such as coat color, performance, or breed-associated behaviors such as herding, drafting and hunting may also play a role.
These inconsistencies underline the difficulties in inferring the strength of sexual selection of a species based on phenotypic traits.
Thus the ecological dynamics of the chemostat determine which genotypes invade or go extinct, based on phenotypic traits, without explicit separation of evolutionary and ecological timescales.
However, given that the majority of strains were selected based on phenotypic traits or previous work with each strain, it is unlikely that this represents the true diversity of these organisms.
Indeed, most individuals from CC population were assigned to cluster 1 in the DAPC based on phenotypic traits, whereas vast majority of individuals from other populations from both San Juan and Cariaco drainages, were assigned to cluster 2 (see Figure 3B).
The reality is that the evolutionary synthesis says nothing about any of this; for all its claim of being grounded in DNA and mutation, it is actually a theory based on phenotypic traits.
The four genotypes (Ler-1, Col-0, Gy-0 and Ga-0) and a different set of four genotypes (Wei-0, Van-0, Ms-0 and Ema-1) were assigned to a competitive group based on phenotypic traits relating to their predicted competitive ability such as seed production, rosette size and flowering time when grown as a single plant (Table 1).
