Resultant presumptive colonies were subcultured and confirmed as Aeromonas spp., based on phenotypic testing criteria (Gram negative, cytochrome oxidase and catalase positive, motile, rods able to ferment and oxidize glucose, with API 20NE system (Biomerieux, France) biochemical test profiles typical of Aeromonas spp).
Secondly, the susceptibility results based on phenotypic testing may indicate resistance despite the absence of the mecA gene for less commonly encountered species of CONS (e.g. S. lugdenensis).
Based on phenotypic tests, the heterofermentative Lactobacilli were detected in a high proportion in Motal cheese samples, which is in agreement with the work of (Jokovic et al. 2011) which was carried out on Radan traditional cheese.
Routine bacterial identification is based on phenotypic tests, including Gram staining, culture and growth characteristics and biochemical patterns.
However 16S rRNA gene sequencing was unable to distinguish between all Cronobacter species and biotyping based on phenotypic tests gave subjective results.
The organism was preliminarily identified as Kocuria based on phenotypic test results, such as positive reactions for catalase, oxidase, nitrate reduction and growth in 5% NaCl and motility test negativity.
Identification of S. sanguinis was based on phenotypic tests negative for sialidase, arbinosidase, L-fucosidase, α-glucosidase and firm adherence to MSA agar and S. oralis was identified based on positive phenotypic tests for N-acetylglucosaminidase and sialidase and a negative test for D-fucosidase, in addition to sequencing of the gdh and ddl genes [ 24].
Also the organism had undergone a number of taxonomic evaluations based on phenotypic tests resulting in confusing and conflicting information hampering the international control of this emergent bacterial pathogen by the development of specifc detection methods.
It was found that genotyping using WGS is a realistic alternative to surveillance based on phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (Zankari et al. 2013), and a surprisingly high concordance (99.74 %) was found between phenotypic and predicted antimicrobial susceptibility.
MLST was performed on all MRSA strains and on a selection of MSSA isolates (n = 50), based on phenotypic, genotypic, and susceptibility testing differences (http://saureus.mlst.net/).net/
The traditional method to distinguish between species within the M. tuberculosis complex has primarily been biochemical testing based on phenotypic differences such as nitrate reduction [ 38] and pyrazinamide resistance [ 39].
