(It is actually a credit that is applied toward income taxes based on payroll taxes paid).
A hallmark of the Rockies' philosophy is payroll efficiency, a Baseball Prospectus metric that predicts how many wins a team should have based on payroll and market size.
Investigators have not found a connection between the two families, suggesting that the knowledge of how to exploit the payroll system could have been widespread and the ongoing investigation is based on payroll records provided by the parent company.
But a recent study by the Rand Corporation†††, based on payroll records for all reservists, found that those being deployed to Iraq make more money than they were earning as civilians.
Mr. Aaron said that a proposal for individual Social Security accounts that had been studied by the House Ways and Means Committee would allow retirees to keep what gave them the largest return -- the benefits based on payroll deductions or the benefits based on individual accounts.
Though each year produces its share of unexpected results — with some teams outperforming their expectations based on payroll (see the Oakland A's and the Tampa Bay Rays) and others falling well beneath them (the Red Sox last year) — there is a long-proven correlation between team salary and wins in the free-agent era.
The ADP figures, based on payroll data, come before Friday's report from the Labor Department, which is expected to show that the economy created 70,000 jobs last month, less than in November, according to the median forecast in a Bloomberg News survey.
One alternative would be a system based on payroll records.
Essentially, levy schemes require employers to make a payment (which is most often based on payroll size) to training funds with sectoral or national coverage.
In the TJRD evaluation, MDRC calculations were based on payroll data from each site and unemployment insurance (UI) wage records from each of the states in the demonstration (Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin).
