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In contrast to other studies, our definition of otitis media was based on parental reported questionnaire data, we do not have a doctor verified diagnosis of otitis media.
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Parental history of hypertension was a dichotomous variable based on parental reporting that identified either parent as having received a diagnosis of hypertension (1) compared to neither parent (0).
Prevalence was based on parental reports collected using the full DSM-IV criteria.
The studies based on parental reports may be an unreliable source of information on the frequency of headache in young children.
A study based on parental reports may be an unreliable source of information on the frequency of headache in young children.
(A separate 2013 CDC report estimated that 1 in every 50 children in the U.S. have an autism spectrum disorder, or ASD, although that was based on parental reports, not official records).
Based on parental report of a doctor's diagnosis of asthma or probable asthma before the age of five, children were classified as "asthmatic" or "nonasthmatic".
In the present study we measured suspected motor problems based on parental report rather than more accurately defined motor problems based on objective measurement, and could therefore be subject to unintentional recall bias, inaccuracy as well as potential deliberate reporting bias by the parents [39].
The behavioral data presented in the case reports are based on parental reports and clinical observation.
In addition, ASD diagnoses in the study were based on parental reporting.
The exposure assessment in our study was based on parental reports from the questionnaire.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com