Moreover, the study underlined the fact that efficient implementation of BIM methodology and the use of off-site manufactured components will lead to a change in the way of working in the industry, mainly based on open collaboration (National Research Council, 2009).
The issue at hand is how the coming web-services industry, a central part of the new economy, will be organised: whether it will be dominated by one firm, as the PC software industry has been, or be based on open standards.
The basic premise of open innovation is opening up the innovation process, where an industry proposes product concepts based on open sources, and then develops and supports the product on the public capability [3].
I.B.M. said its so-called middleware programs, which include Lotus, Tivoli, DB2 and WebSphere, will be the industry's first to be based on open standards.
He concluded that Japanese firms did best in manufacturing industries with closed product designs that do not require collaboration with the rest of the industry, and worst in fields based on open standards and modular architectures.
Apple® will broadcast its October 20 event online using Apple's industry-leading HTTP Live Streaming, which is based on open standards.
It is for industries to propose product concepts based on open sources, develop and support the product on the public capability.
Society would be based on open information flows, open source principles familiar from the software industry and ad hoc organisations.
But the mobile-phone industry, in which Nokia is top dog, is based on open standards.
In the early 1950s, the number of industries increased significantly, not only because of demand for agricultural products, but also because of the mode of economy was based on open and liberal policies.
