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The ethanolysis of sunflower oil catalyzed by calcium oxide was modeled and optimized in terms of the following operating conditions: reaction temperature (65 75 °C), ethanol:oil molar ratio (6:1–18:1), catalyst loading (10 20% based on oil weight) and reaction time (360 480 min).
The best process combination was 100% catalyst quantity (based on oil weight) with 56:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil at temperature of 30 °C, which reduced product specific gravity from an initial value of 0.912 to a final value of 0.8637 in about 4 h of reaction time.
Details about molar ratio of methanol to oil, enzyme concentration based on oil weight (wt.%), and the initial water added based on oil weight (wt.%) were specified for each case.
The optimized condition calculated was 5.66 wt.% of the initial water added based on oil weight, 3.88 of methanol to tung oil molar ratio and 13.24 wt.% of enzyme concentration based on oil weight, under which the predicted FAME yield reached 92.6%.
Each batch of the reaction was carried out at the optimized conditions by adding 5.66 wt.% of the initial water based on oil weight, 3.88 of methanol to tung oil molar ratio and 13.24 wt.% of enzyme concentration based on oil weight at 40°C for 48 h.
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Based on oil content per dry weight, it has been suggested that shutting down starch synthesis results in higher oil accumulation capacity [ 17, 22].
"Nigeria is basically an economy that is based on oil.
A lot of the plastic materials we use are based on oil or oil derivatives.
A maximum predicted value of FAEE content of 98.9% was found by the RSM model under the following optimum reaction conditions: reaction temperature between 50 and 59 °C, ethanol-to-oil molar ratio of 12 1, catalyst loading of 0.75% (based on the oil weight) and reaction time of 15 min, which absolutely agree with the experimental value (98.6%).
The vehicles are based on oil-in-water or water-in-oil carriers.
Experimental data were obtained between 150 and 182 °C at a constant molar ratio of alcohol to oil (11 1) and at a set catalyst concentration (3.32 wt% based on weight of oil).
Related(19)
based on oil mass
based on rider weight
based on oil fatty
based on oil energy
based on body weight
based on oil extraction
based on oil production
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based on oil palm
based on oil droplet
based on polymer weight
based on oil rate
based on urgency weight
based on oil loading
based on birth weight
based on age weight
based on oil spill
based on oil content
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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