Sentence examples for based on observed substitutions from inspiring English sources

For the nucleotide sequences, the level of saturation of the substitution process was estimated by plotting uncorrected p-distances (based on observed substitutions) against GTR+I+G estimated distances for multiple alignment of single PCGs as well as concatenated PCGs.

For each IS group with at least two alignable copies in a given genome, we calculated pairwise nucleotide divergence between copies with the MEGA ver 4.0 software based on observed nucleotide substitutions (Kumar et al. 2008).

For each IS group, sequences obtained from PCR fragments were aligned with Bioedit, and pairwise nucleotide divergence between each pair of sequences was calculated with MEGA ver 4.0 based on observed nucleotide substitutions (sequence alignments are available upon request).

These methods also primarily use features based on observed residue preferences at the substitution position.

He distilled them into a mode of chaste abstraction based on observed fact: details of architecture, happenstances of light and shadow.

cRichness is based on observed unique OTUs.

Hence, erosivity indices based on observed velocity were lower than those based on terminal velocity.

"Overall, job uncertainty and scarcity encourages groups of individuals to form coalitions based on observed recognisable characteristics, such as ethnicity.

Key analyses were repeated based on observed data (without imputation).

These partitions were selected based on observed genetic groupings.

This referral is often based on observed loss of function.