Sentence examples for based on observed genotypes from inspiring English sources

Data are summarized and compared between groups based on observed genotypes.

In this paper, we propose an algorithm based on observed genotypes and the LD at three neighbouring SNPs, including the SNP under consideration, to impute the missing SNPs, and to reduce the error rate for estimation.

Distinct from the SEM setting, application of an MEM to SNP data is a staged approach that involves first assigning individuals to groups based on observed genotypes across multiple SNPs.

The G matrix for within-population prediction was built according to VanRaden (2008), which was computed as G = ZZ′ / 2 ∑ p i q i, where Z is a matrix of centered genotypes and p i and q i are the allelic frequencies of the i th marker based on observed genotypes.

In conclusion, an implementation of genomic selection based on observed genotypes for training of the prediction equation and GEBV predictions obtained from genotypes imputed with high accuracy appears to be a promising approach to provide the swine breeding industry with a cost-efficient procedure to obtain GEBV for animals at a young age.

To infer genomic imprinting using such data sets, a multi-hierachical mixture model can be derived to estimate the missing parental genotypes based on observed offspring genotypes.

This is because the correlation between genomic relationships among animals based on observed 50k genotypes and accurate imputed genotypes (Table  3) is high (0.99).

The results revealed a small decrease in accuracy of genomic prediction based on GBLUP when the imputation accuracy was high (on average 0.95), while genomic prediction accuracy based on lowly accurate imputed 50k genotypes was lower than that based on observed 12k genotypes.

Accuracy of genomic prediction based on imputed 50k genotypes but with relatively moderate to high accuracies (ranging from 0.73 to 0.96, with an average of 0.885), was up to 4.0%% less than that using observed 50k genotypes, but it was still higher than the accuracy based on observed 12k genotypes.

Accuracy of genomic prediction based on observed 12k genotypes was higher than accuracy based on lowly accurate (0.62 to 0.86) imputed 50k genotypes.

It should be noted that for these other approaches, the combined relationship matrix is constructed based on observed marker genotypes only, and the inference on remaining parameters is based on the log-likelihood conditional on the observed marker genotypes.