An alternate version of the phylogenetic species concept (PSCII) requires exclusivity to recognize a species and differs from PSCI by basing species recognition strictly on monophyletic groups ([ 37]; properly exclusive lineages [ 38]).
Thus, the inclusion of sequences into a specific mouse subfamily was based on their monophyletic grouping in the tree.
The nomenclature proposed is based on well-defined monophyletic groups, high genetic divergences with Cytb (>2% K81uf), and in agreement with geographical distributions.
According to the tree based on mRNA structures, BGa and SG haplotypes were largely mixed while the representatives of BGp with few exceptions were arranged in a more compact manner: 15 representatives formed one monophyletic group.
In a broader phylogenetic view based on groupings that can be regarded as strictly monophyletic, Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003) puts Musa within the Zingiberales, one of four sister Orders in the monophyletic grouping Commelinids, along with the Poales (grasses), Commelinales and Aracales.
Prolonged duration in cave microrefugia may also explain why most sampled localities showed no evidence of admixture and formed monophyletic groups based on the faster-sorting mtDNA.
For computational efficiency all the sequences were divided into 151 monophyletic groups, based on their phylogenetic relations (see methods and Additional file 1).
Twelve of the recognized subfamilies in that classification were assumed to represent monophyletic groups based on published results (Agoniatinae, Aphyocharacinae, Bryconinae, Characinae, Cheirodontinae, Clupeacharacinae, Glandulocaudinae, Iguanodectinae, Rhoadsiinae, Serrasalminae, Stethaprioninae and Tetragonopterinae).
Among these four genera, Creagrutus (71 species) is the only one supported as a monophyletic group based on apomorphic features associated to jaws and teeth [ 16].
