Moderator analyses showed variation in results based on methodological-level (e.g. study design) and sample-level (e.g. gender) variables.
This could further have impact on public health policies and efforts to address a decreasing physical activity level based on methodological challenges rather than true observations.
Studies were ranged according to level of evidence by the authors based on methodological considerations, such as sample bias, lack of comparison groups, and design.
Instead, as our paper shows, the contrarians have presented a variety of contradictory alternatives based on methodological flaws, which therefore have failed to convince scientific experts.
If any of the contrarians were a modern-day Galileo, he would present a theory that's supported by the scientific evidence and that's not based on methodological errors.
We did not exclude studies based on methodological quality, language or age.
The economic literature was reviewed based on methodological standards for economic evaluation.
This scientific contribution is based on methodological propositions and deployments using concurrent cost engineering.
All studies were evaluated based on methodological quality.
The actual process was based on methodological descriptions by Charmaz [ 26] and Malterud [ 27].
The limitation of our data is based on methodological challenges such as the recruited sample.
