If the p-value was < 0.10 then random-effects was chosen, otherwise fixed-effects was selected, except when there was clear heterogeneity based on individual study results and in these instances the more conservative random-effects was selected.
4 7 8 In 2008, the first review included all types of treatment, but a quality assessment was not performed for 39 out of 4587%7%) studies, due to a subjective consensus on sufficient level of evidence based on individual study design.
Overall, results regarding the use of automatically generated objective smartphone data in bipolar disorder are based on individual studies with several methodological and clinical challenges and risk of bias at different levels.
The data show that both maternal and paternal disease state affects offspring disease, and based on individual studies, maternal asthma is the more potent contributor.
It is postulated, based on individual studies [26], [27] that unemployment can contribute to mental health or addiction problems, to the adoption of unhealthy life styles, to loss of health insurance and, consequently, to poor disease management and ill health.
The benefits of using trimetazidine in peripheral artery disease have not been well documented and are based on individual studies.
In the ideal case, this evidence is retrieved from systematic reviews, but it is also based on individual studies and, when no evidence is available, on expert opinion.
Yet, it is interesting to note that some of the EGs identified here are reported in literature to be conditionally essential genes based on individual experimental studies (indicated in Additional file 9: Table S7).
We only considered studies based on individual-level study designs, including cross-sectional prevalence surveys, longitudinal cohort studies, and studies based on hospital or STI clinic presentations.
These statements are anecdotal, e.g.: based on individual observation, case study reports, or investigations -- rather than systematic scientific evaluation.
All recommendations are based on individual observation, case studies and expert opinion.
