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These comparisons demonstrate that module-based biomarker sets are more reproducible than the one based on individual genes when the same selection criterion (FDR < 0.01) is applied.
Unlike conventional expression diagnostic markers based on individual genes, these network-based diagnostic markers should be inherently more reliable since they provide the biological interpretation for the association between the subnetwork biomarker and the particular type of disease [ 32].
Therefore, a powerful and appealing approach to studying gene function across species is to combine traditional methods based on individual genes and static sequence information (comparative genomics) with network-based methods that incorporate dynamic omics data (comparative regulomics).
In summary, while viewing phylogeny based on individual genes or proteins might be complicated by massive HGT, phylogeny viewed by protein domains are expected to be more robust and tolerant to HGT and protein domain trees can often reveal substantial HGTs when they occurred (e.g., Figure 3).
Indeed, such information has been extracted in the past based on individual genes [ 17, 18].
The trees based on mitochondrial genomes show some congruence with the trees based on individual genes -18S, 28S, 16S, COI.
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Despite the good performance in within-dataset experiments, gene-based classifiers performed typically worse than many pathway-based classifiers, which shows the poor reproducibility of the feature sets based on individual gene markers.
However, finding reliable gene markers is a challenging problem, and several recent studies have questioned the reliability of many classifiers based on individual gene markers [13] [19].
These results underscore the prediction power of integrated pathway markers (L values) in comparison to standard models based on individual gene profiles, including those derived from highly perturbed pathways.
The best model based on individual gene input representation and expert-driven queries reported an AUC = 0.75 (Table 1).
Unlike ranking which is based on individual gene's relevance, SVM-RFE ranking is a gene subset ranking and takes into account complementary relationship between genes.
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based on individual variations
based on individual genomic
based on individual dna
based on individual agents
based on individual visits
based on individual characteristics
based on individual circumstances
based on individual cases
based on individual interviews
based on individual databases
based on individual rankings
based on individual values
based on different genes
based on individual computers
based on mitochondrial genes
based on common genes
based on individual needs
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