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Direct comparisons remain the highest level of evidence of therapeutic effectiveness and our results must be interpreted with caution since several are based on indirect comparison.
No head to head comparison of any two biodegradable polymer drug eluting stents was available, so all estimates are based on indirect comparison only.
Some authors assumed that inconsistencies (that is, the differences between d BC from direct comparisons and d BC Ind based on indirect comparison) have a common normal distribution with mean 0 and variance σ ω 2 [ 7, 9].
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Third is a proposal to simply recognize that assessment of added therapeutic benefit will often need to be based on indirect comparisons and to plan for it.
Rather, different pre-requisites and expectations have to be met across Europe when presenting evidence based on indirect comparisons.
While meta-regression analyses provide a large amount of evidence based on indirect comparisons of exercise training interventions within the cardiac population, relatively few trials exist which provide direct, head-to-head comparisons of variations in individual exercise components.
Therefore, conclusions in this explorative analysis were based on indirect comparisons.
However, data within each physiotherapy intervention were limited, and these comparisons were based on indirect comparisons, which should be interpreted with caution.
However, this is difficult to confirm based on indirect comparisons and also because the characteristics of the general home care which is often included in usual care varies.
However, the network meta-analytical effect estimates were almost exclusively based on indirect comparisons (mainly with usual care as the common comparator), may be somewhat biased due to possible publication bias, and might not fulfil the criterion of transitivity.
Studies of IVT-AFL 2q8 showed improved 12-month visual acuity measures compared with studies of IVR 0.5 mg PRN and dexamethasone 0.7 mg implants based on indirect comparisons.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com