Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) models were used to rank the planning works of 30 urban wetland park based on four mainly factors, which included landscape ecological planning, landscape planning, ecological planning and economic planning.
The transdisciplinary landscape concept is based on five dimensions of landscapes: the spatial entity, the mental entity, the temporal dimension, the nexus of nature and culture, and the systemic properties of landscapes.
Here, we explore conservation and management options in a framework for prioritizing landscapes based on two 'axes of concern': landscape conservation capacity attributes (percentage of protected area, connectivity, and condition of the matrix) and vulnerability to climate change (climate change velocity and topographic variation).
This model is based on four principles.
We used landscape maps to quantify landscape heterogeneity based on five metrics calculated using FRAGSTATS and compared these for elephant and randomly located ranges within the study areas.
Users evaluated urban landscape plans based on two screen displays: the 3D bird's-eye diagonal view, and the walk-through video from the pedestrian perspective.
We present a new feature extraction method based on two dynamical systems induced by intensity landscape: the negative gradient system and the Hamiltonian system.
Contrary to similar levels of diversity between landscapes with microsatellite data, observed heterozygosity was significantly higher in the agricultural landscape compared to the woodland landscape for allozyme data based on three loci only (Figure S1).
These patch networks are located in two French regions, with corresponding landscape historical data based on two forest maps conceived in 1840 and 2000.
This research proposes improved accuracy for identifying the small geographic objects which can enhance a 3-D flooding visualization and then, the GIS based 3-D landscape is visualized based on three flood risk scenarios which have accurately georeferenced geographic information.
