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The sample size for surveys such as this is not normally based on formal statistical considerations, as there are no primary hypotheses being tested.
Due to the exploratory nature of these studies the sample sizes were not based on formal statistical considerations.
To meet this need, we propose a three-stage framework based on formal statistical testing of toxicologically relevant hypotheses.
The efficacy/toxicity ratio of therapies which have limited Phase II evidence should be further evaluated in phase III trials based on formal statistical assumptions, and should include parameters such as median overall survival and quality of life.
The number of patients per treatment group was not based on formal statistical sample-size calculations but was considered adequate to allow for determination of an optimal lipegfilgrastim dose for phase 3 clinical studies.
Analysis of combination therapy: In vitro analyses of the interactions between RT and novel radiosensitisers should be based on formal statistical tests – such as isobolographic analysis (Steel and Peckham, 1979), combination index (CI) analysis (Chou and Talalay, 1984) or Bliss independence analysis (Bliss, 1956).
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The final sample size of this study was determined on the basis of available resources (eg, ActiSleep monitors) and not based on formal a priori sample size and statistical power determinations.
These approaches allow gene network reconstructions based on microarray time-series data, mainly in a dynamic Bayesian statistical framework [ 6, 7]; predictions of network behavior can be made based on formal approaches [ 8, 9].
Based on formal reports on the issues.
The proposed verification methodology is based on formal verification methods.
Most commonly, segmentation is not based on a formal statistical model, but either a simple 'a priori' defined group classification narrative, failing to capture the complexity of varying group characteristics, or a 'post hoc' heuristic cluster analysis, applied to multidimensional behavioural variables, creating complex descriptive group narratives.
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