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The trees based on all words diverge for K > 7. To summarize this and few other limited experiences, the distance based on fixed length k-mers seems to perform well for moderate values of k.
Ames (Bacan) Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis (Thete) 1 Fuso Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586 (Fusnu) 1 Thermatogae Thermotoga maritima (Thema) 1 Aquificae Aquifex aeolicus (Aquae) Some of the corresponding trees are displayed in Figure 2. The distance based on fixed length k-mers behaves poorly even in the low taxa for K > 7 as it fails to group Cloab and Clope, Thema and Aquae, and so on.
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The advantage of using the matching statistics is that it is not based on fixed-length subwords, but it can capture also variable length matches, in contrast to most methods that are based on fixed sets of k-mers.
Learning models for wavelet coefficients have been mainly based on fixed-length sequences, but real applications often require to model variable-length, very long or real-time sequences.
Alternative approaches based on fixed-length sequences and receive strategies with a lower complexity are presented in our prior work [24, 25].
In this paper, by taking full advantage of local Voronoi neighbor structures (VNSs), e.g. local structural stability and distortion insensitivity, we propose an alignment-free bio-cryptosystem based on fixed-length bit-string representations extracted from modified VNSs, which are rotation- and translation-invariant and distortion robust.
As opposed to the above audio identification algorithms based on fixed-length framing plus heavy overlap, which are usually more or less susceptible to time variations, Bardeli and Kurth proposed in [21] to divide audio signals into unequal-length disjoint time intervals.
At low level taxa, trees based on fixed-length k-mers and maximal k-mers are consistent, as they both correctly group together Eukaryotes, Proteobacteria, Euryarcheota and Crenarchaeota.
The recent approaches, which addressed full periodicity, partial periodicity, perfect and imperfect periodicity [7], and asynchronous periodicity [18] are all based on fixed size and adjacent time units and fixed length of discovered patterns.
Prediction was based on fixed effects only.
Exploratory analyses based on fixed effects models were also conducted.
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