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In total, about a third of the estimates is based on firm data from a single year, while the remaining part of studies examines more than one year.
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With this aim in view, both a macro-economic analysis, based on aggregate data for triadic patent counts and R&D expenditures and a micro-economic analysis based on firms' data from three selected sectors are performed.
Several of the functions assigned to S-layers are still hypothetical and not based on firm experimental data.
In most cases, empirical analyses of environmental innovations based on firm-level data relied on surveys for one point in time.
Other studies based on firm-level data have examined the impact of regional economic density on employer-provided training.
Our analysis is based on firm-level data of the Mannheim Innovation Panel (MIP) covering the period 2006 2010.
The model is based on firm-level data of a representative sample of economy's private sectors for Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia.
For instance, Lynch and Black (1998), based on firm-level data for the US, measure the risk of turnover using the percentage of employees who have worked in a firm for less than one yeare.
In particular it tests a number of propositions on how environmental management systems and the interaction with environmentally more or less concerned stakeholders are associated with the probability of firms to pursue innovation in general (measured as patenting behaviour) and specifically environmental innovation (measured based on firm self-assessment and through patent data).
Most existing studies based on firm-level transaction data cannot disentangle signaling from productive effects.
Models based on firm physical principles have predictive capabilities.
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