RevMan 5 software was used to synthesise data and calculate the risk ratio (RR) based on event rates as well as the 95% confidence interval (CI).
Relevant strata were defined as follows: 0%-<10%, 10%-<20%, and ≥20% Based on event rates at 10 years.
In the current study, transition probabilities were calculated based on event rates and relative treatment effects (RRs) obtained from the phase III ROCKET AF trial [ 15].
41, 44 A meta-analyst aiming to calculate a relative risk based on event rates would typically not have this information from a publication, and pooling hazard ratios may improperly ignore this issue.
Although studies with longer follow-up might be expected to be more comprehensive in describing disease natural history, we chose to model annual transition probabilities based on event rates observed during the first 12 months of follow-up in each study for our base case parameter estimates.
In conclusion, when modeling costs and health outcomes based on event rates of cardiovascular complications from a Swedish real-world registry study, candesartan appears to bring a QALY gain and a reduction in costs compared with generic losartan in the primary preventive treatment of hypertension in Sweden.
39 40 For randomised intervention trials we used reported adjusted risk ratios, or calculated study specific unadjusted risk ratios based on event rates if these were unavailable, for overall vitamin D supplementation (and individually by supplements of vitamins D3 and D2 subtypes).
Our search strategies are outlined in more detail in Appendix I. Our probabilities for POBs and peptic ulcers are based on event rates in the Successive Celecoxib Efficacy and Safety Study-1 (SUCCESS), the only celecoxib clinical trial that was conducted in a population of OA patients and that used POBs and PUBs as end points [ 16].
When modeling costs and health outcomes based on event rates for cardiovascular complications from a real-world registry study, candesartan appears to bring a QALY gain and a reduction in costs compared with generic losartan in the primary preventive treatment of hypertension in Sweden.
Based on event rates calculated from the first 589 patients who completed the study, a 15.5% annual event rate was used for year 1 and a 27.2% annual event rate was used for year 2. Based on the data from the completed patients, it was assumed that the annual mortality rate would be 11.0% (year 1) and 18.2% (year 2) and that there would be a 12.2% (year 1) and 5.9% (year 2) loss to follow-up.
