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Third, in our IM analyses we serially constrain the migration rate parameters to smaller values and deduce likely migration rates between Asia and the New World based on empirical estimates of current migration rates within Europe versus the greatly reduced migration rates of ancient people across the Bering Strait starting ≈11 10 kya.
Simulation results based on empirical estimates of covariance matrix and effect sizes.
Figure 4 presents the potential attenuation factors for single- and bipollutant epidemiologic models, based on empirical estimates of the relationships between exposure metrics and their exposure error.
In fact, the between-template and between-subject variability are acknowledged based on empirical estimates, the latter being additionally gauged by individual sample size (Eickhoff et al. 2009).
We used computer simulations, based on empirical estimates of age-specific survival and fecundity rates, to assess the effect of repeat spawning (iteroparity) on Ne and found that the variance in lifetime reproductive success was substantially higher for repeat spawners.
A recent study [ 55] showed that, when performing imputation in a Hispanic sample from San Francisco with the program IMPUTE v2 and the HapMap II reference panel, using local haplotype weights based on a coalescent method provided lower error rates (7.8%) than using no weighting (8.9%), or a global weighting method based on empirical estimates of ancestry (9.0%) [ 56].
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Specifically, based on empirical parameter estimates, we find that maximal long-term control occurs at surprisingly low daily levels of arrest.
Finally, methods for adjusting model parameters based on empirical uncertainty estimates, such as regression calibration, are questionable because each source category is an aggregate of numerous pollutants each with their own error distribution and covariances.
We derived NPP allocation functions based on functions for the net growth rate (dry mass) and based on empirical growth curves estimated from normal yield tables for northern Ontario, Canada.
Some studies reported "optimal" PRT utilization rates based on empirical findings or model estimates.
Although not based on empirical data, the WHO estimates that globally, the lack of adequate water and sanitation leads to health costs of at least US$340 million for households and US$7 billion for national health systems.
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based on empirical estimation
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based on conservative estimates
based on statistical estimates
based on empirical relations
based on empirical criteria
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