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In order to ensure proper alignment of the coding regions, the trees were based on DNA alignments back-aligned from the proteins' alignments.
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To infer gene conversion events, maximum likelihood trees were reconstructed based on DNA sequences alignments with maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, respectively.
Based on DNA sequence alignments, it is clear that the nucleotide substitution rate is also extremely elevated in G. sulphuraria mitochondrial genes, but reliable estimates of synonymous site evolution could not be obtained due to mutational saturation.
Based on DNA sequence alignment and distance computation, a similarity tree groups the 51 epiplasmins in five main clusters.
They presented two large phylogenies based on DNA and protein alignments that supported a non-monophyletic Hexapoda, both obtaining a higher likelihood score under MtPan than when using MtArt or MtRev.
By default, ML trees based on protein alignment are built under the WAG model, while ML tree based on DNA are built under the HKY model, which models non-uniform base composition and transition/transversion rate bias [ 58].
(The man was ultimately convicted, based on DNA evidence).
Here, 30 low-level similarity measures (features) are derived that are based on local alignments of DNA-binding domains, flanking regions of DNA-binding domains, the alignment of secondary structure predictions and taxonomic distances.
Trees were constructed based on sequence alignments of DNA binding domains for ERF and NF-YA and complete sequences for C2H2 and GRAS.
DNA alignments were obtained using DNA sequences, based on protein alignments for the gene families.
Primer design was based on a DNA sequence alignment of M13K07, VCSM13 and fUSE5 (Fig. S4).
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