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As in the specified region there is no facility for culture only diagnosis and detection of Leishmaniasis are based on direct microscopy which is easy and cheap with low accuracy even if carried out by skilled persons [ 24, 25].
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These observations were based on: direct visualization of fixed or live cells using confocal microscopy; and by quantifying the cellular fluorescence in live cells using flow cytometry.
47.9% were diagnosed on sediment microscopy, with 48.2% being diagnosed on direct microscopy, sediment microscopy, or both.
One patient was positive on direct microscopy and negative on sediment microscopy, resulting in a total of 121 patients diagnosed by direct microscopy, of which 120 were positive on sediment microscopy.
After SCA, two extra patients were detected on sedimentation but none on direct microscopy.
‡One patient positive on sediment but not on direct microscopy after SCA.
All poor-quality samples (degraded, mucus, and saliva) were negative on direct microscopy.
A swab taken from beneath the ulcer edge was positive for AFB on direct microscopy.
Our results showed that poor-quality samples are more likely to be negative on direct and sediment microscopy than good-quality samples, and that both types are significantly more likely to be positive after bleach sedimentation than on direct microscopy.
Excluding SCA, 43.2% of all patients were diagnosed as positive on direct microscopy of up to three samples.
Diagnosis of cryptococcosis frequently relies on direct microscopy, culture of clinical samples, or detection of cryptococcal antigen in body fluids.
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