In particular, the literature-based coefficient is based on data that is heavily biased towards patients with cancer.
Crunching this information, so the theory goes, allows DeepMind to develop predictions based on data that is too broad in scope for any one person to assimilate and analyse.
"The F.T.C. proceeded very incrementally and cautiously, based on data" that suggested "self-regulation needed a boost," Mr. Medine said.
"These projections are based on data that is incomplete and inadequate for drawing significant conclusions," she said.
Consultants also say that many large-company brand managers are risk averse and make decisions based on data that reflect the past.
Without such boundary reforms, MPs could end up representing constituencies based on data that is over 20 years old, disregarding significant changes in demographics, house building and migration.
It is this suggestion of data monetisation and a multi-tiered consumer classification system based on data that sets a few alarm bells ringing.
"The statute's coverage formula is based on data that is now more than 35 years old," Chief Justice Roberts wrote, "and there is considerable evidence that it fails to account for current political conditions".
It is based on data that has long been collected by a variety of public agencies, including counts of vehicles made every fall at key points throughout the city.
The Queensland government is allowing commercial fisheries to catch endangered sharks on the Great Barrier Reef, with a quota based on data that was useless for managing the shark numbers, according to an independent peer reviewer.
The BNI team argues that theories offered by Egyptian experts, led by antiquities tsar Zahi Hawass, are based on data that can be interpreted otherwise.
