It seems that many early workers were framing their ideas of the homology of the central cusp based on which tribosphenic cusp was the primary cusp.
The energy evolution law was analyzed by introducing the local energy release rate index (LERR), and the energy criterion of the instability of surrounding rock was established based on the cusp catastrophe theory.
Dr. Thom and his followers proposed that mathematical models based on catastrophe cusps could be used to predict the reproduction of bacteria, the behavior of the stock market, heart attacks, biological evolution and the outbreak of war, among many other things.
As the boundary of polar cap, we select 75° MLAT, based on the estimates of cusp position made by Newell et al. (1989) and Russell (2000) and the Feldstein model results for the auroral oval poleward boundary.
The Salazar-Ciudad and Jernvall [1] model of tooth morphogenesis accounts for the development of tooth shape, including the appearance of new cusps, based on a small number of developmental parameters.
Here we present newly described fossil duplicidentates (Lagomorpha and Mimotonidae) in the context of a well-constrained phylogeny to establish a nomenclatural system for cusps based on the tribosphenic pattern.
We therefore conclude that the central cusp of stem and early crown lagomorphs should also be considered the metaconule, based on the topographic position of the cusp and its connection to the metacone via the premetaconule crista (Fig. 7, but see also figs. 1 and 2).
We argue that the simplest interpretation, based on topology, is that the central cusp within mimotonids is the metaconule.
In his first treatment [5], he suggested that the central cusp of lagomorphs might be the protocone (or possibly, the metacone) based on the presence of two prominent buccal cusps, interpreted as the paracone and metacone.
