For the assays described here, where all samples were tested for multiple loci, the first data point was accepted if it was within the expected response-time range, based on control sample data.
This measure of effect size (Glass's Δ) can be interpreted as a modified Cohen's d, in the sense that it is based on control group data only [44].
Cells calculated based on control value Data presented as mean ± sd; sd: standard deviation.
This pattern is consistent with previous studies based on control region data from across the species range [ 23], and studies using other mitochondrial regions to examine detailed phylogeographical patterns in sub-Saharan Africa [ 27, 28] and western-central Africa [ 20].
A sample size of 140 was planned to have 90% power to detect an absolute difference in this outcome between treatment groups of 25%, assuming a control group rate of 10% (based on control group data from the JDRF CGM RCT) (2), an α-level of 0.05, and ≤7.5% losses to follow-up.
Data were based on control cells set at 100%.
Many of the existing peak-callers are tailor-made for ChIP-sequencing data and can make use of a background model based on experimental control data, rather than purely theoretical statistical assumptions, to filter out regions that are also enriched in the control data.
One challenge in the development of prediction models based on case-control data, as in our real data example, is that case-control samples contain an overrepresentation of cases compared to the number in the general population.
Herein, we propose a statistical method for reprioritizing genetic associations in a hit region of a human GWAS based on case-control data that exploits and extends the resample aggregation techniques developed in Valdar et al. [ 2009] and Meinshausen and Bühlmann [ 2010].
This is due to the fact that our model is based on observation data controlled by the distribution of a ground-based magnetometer, which explains the differences observed, particularly in the region of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
