However, constraining access to a resource based on confidential information about a person's context can result in privacy violations.
The first part of the study, published in December, was based on confidential interviews with 270 rioters.
He had pleaded guilty to 10 charges that, from 1999 through March 2002, he traded in Manugistics stock and options based on confidential information he stole from his company.
He helped establish the Centre for Effective Philanthropy, which among other things produces donor perception reports based on confidential surveys of organisations that receive money from foundations.
Mr. Cassese, 58, was accused of trading shares of the Data Processing Resources Corporation of Irvine, Calif., based on confidential information he got as the chief executive of Computer Horizons.
The completion of a conflict assessment, based on confidential interviews, is the best way to pinpoint the most important items to include on a consensus building agenda.
One was about the murder of Jill Dando, and another was based on confidential documents from Special Branch.
"Based on confidential conversations with professors and college presidents," James Carlin concludes that at least half the research outside the hard sciences is "a lot of foolishness".
It is illegal for officials to make trades based on confidential, material information that they receive because they work for the government.
"This fascinating study, based on confidential documents from three US presidents, sheds new light on the relationship between America's political elites and its citizens.
