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Two approaches, a Bayesian method with codon site-specific evolutionary rates (using MrBayes) and the other maximum likelihood method with 100 bootstrapped alignments (using DNAML in PHYLIP) (33 ), were used for phylogenetic reconstruction based on concatenated sequences.
Two approaches, a Bayesian method with codon site-specific evolutionary rates using MrBayes [ 92] and the other maximum likelihood method with 100 bootstrapped alignments using DNAML in PHYLIP [ 93], were employed for phylogenetic reconstruction based on concatenated sequences.
Interestingly for the purpose of strain identification, no single isolate was placed in a species cluster distinct from the one it belongs to based on concatenated sequences, showing that replacement of genomic sequences by homologous DNA from other species is not frequent.
A combined phylogeny based on concatenated sequences of all four DNA fragments (2434 bp) is presented in Figure 3.
In a recent, study clonal complexes were identified in a dendrogram based on concatenated sequences derived from 102 isolates of S. mutans with cluster analysis by the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic means [35].
To gain an insight into the relatedness between SC types and MLST allelic profiles, we created a phylogenetic tree based on concatenated sequences of seven housekeeping genes used for MLST and compared their relations to SC types (figure 5).
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This result concurs with other recent studies of snake phylogeny based on concatenated gene sequences [ 18].
This charophycean chloroplast genome remarkably resembles its Mesostigma homologue at various levels (size, gene content, gene order and intron content) and interestingly, the Mesostigmatales and Chlorokybales form a robust clade representing the deepest branch of the Streptophyta in phylogenies based on concatenated gene sequences.
A generally strong association of the camp5 and tly alleles with the clustering based on concatenated housekeeping gene sequences was observed (Figure 1), the most striking exceptions being STs 27 and 28 of cluster I-1a and STs 30, 31, and 32 of cluster I-1b, which had camp5 and tly alleles identical to strains of subdivision I-2.
Thus, the BLASTP and HMMER methods worked on concatenated sequences of helix fragments.
The phylogenetic tree of 17 Bcc STs based on translated concatenated sequences of seven MLST loci was obtained automatically by applying the neighbor-joining method [ 22].
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