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For infrequent testers, a sample size of 14 in each arm will detect an increase in HIV testing frequency from 0.2 tests per year (assuming one HIV test in the past five years based on clinic data [ 73]) to 1 test per year (SD: 0.7) with 80%% statistical power and type I error probability of 0.05.
Based on clinic data [ 43], we designed the trial assuming a rate of virologic suppression of 60% at 12 months in the control arm.
In the GBSG study, DFS and OS were based on clinic data; however, for some patients or clinics, contacts were lost after some time.
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In fact, in many countries, most disease burden or mortality information on slum dwellers is largely based on clinic, hospital, or national mortality registry data.
Of note, our data are based on clinic referrals and may not generalize to more naturalistic samples.
Where possible, annual follow-up was based on clinic visits.
Other validation studies have shown that HIV-1 surveillance based on antenatal clinic data overestimate trends in HIV-1 infection in some age-groups in the general population, whereas in other age-groups it underestimates [2].
Based on previous clinical data from the local clinic, we determined that 40 50% of the patients with GDM do not achieve the desired blood glucose concentrations despite following dietary treatment and subsequently require insulin therapy.
Hypertension, stroke, and myocardial infarction data were based on self-report, clinic data, and medication use.
The sample size calculations based on previous data assumed the proportion of patients appropriately treated were 10% when based on clinical diagnosis and 60% when based on microscopy, one clinician per clinic, and variability between clinics of half of the mean effect of the diagnostic test on the outcome.
History of stroke and myocardial infarct was based on self report, clinic data, and drug use.
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