That attitude is not bad at all; not only it has favoured us in the fight for survival, but it has produced a flourishing science based on cause-effect relationships that allows us to explore the world and the Universe.
In this case people appear to think readily about counterexamples based on alternative causes, that is, they judge that the cause is consistent with a third possibility, that the apples were not ripe and they fell from the tree anyway, perhaps because of strong winds (not-A and B).
You should choose a charity based on a cause that you believe in, not the gift that you get back when you send money.
Second, scientific studies tell us that most deaths in earthquakes are linked to falling debris and objects, not falling structures.[8] The triangle of life is predominantly based on earthquakes that cause structures, not objects, to fall.
7. Recent causal reductionist proposals based on Suppes proposal that causes raise the chances of their effects are advanced by e.g., Spohn (2001) and Thalos (2003).
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (2004) classified arsenic in drinking water as carcinogenic to humans, based on evidence that arsenic causes cancers of the skin, lung, and bladder.
Ideally, indirect costs should be allocated based on cost drivers that cause the minimum amount of distortion in cost allocation.
In the early 20th century, many of the leading authorities on diabetes in North America and Europe (including Frederick Banting, who shared the 1923 Nobel Prize for the discovery of insulin) suspected that sugar causes diabetes based on the observation that the disease was rare in populations that didn't consume refined sugar and widespread in those that did.
We systematically identified these chemicals based on evidence that they cause mammary tumors in rodent bioassays and on production and use information that suggests current or historical exposure to the general population.
The proportion of under-five deaths due to diarrhea is estimated by the WHO based on the causes of death that are entered on the medical certificate of cause of death in countries and recorded by the civil (vital) registration systems.
