Smoking status was obtained for each dataset and samples classified as 'Smokers' or 'Never Smokers', based on the categorization used in each individual study.
He has incorporated insights from psychology to formulate a new model of discrimination based on categorization, and he has used detailed historical archival research to understand the origins and spread of the Ku Klux Klan.
A recent study carried out, appropriately, by scientists at the Galton Laboratory, compared two different population categorizations -- one based on commonly used ethnic labels like African-American, Asian, or Caucasian, and the other divided according to purely genetic criteria -- to see which classification system better predicted individuals' responses to therapeutic drugs.
Because this may have potentially limited discrimination of the quantitative values, data were subject to binary categorization based on 3 previously used deficiency cutoffs: 50, 100, and 500 ng/mL [ 30– 30].
Open image in new window Fig. 6 Risks categorization and comparison based on RPNs using traditional FMEA and fuzzy FMEA.
The analysis was based on a consensus categorization using the full group of six scorers: an item was scored 1 on a dichotomy if at least five out of six raters agreed on categorizing it as T or F respectively; if there was a 4-2 or 3-3 disagreementhethe item was scored.5, and 0 otherwise.
First, the histologic categorizations used were based on diagnoses made by multiple pathologists in multiple institutions, and diagnostic criteria may vary somewhat by both individual pathologists and institutions, resulting in a certain degree of misclassification error.
Therefore, SNP selection was also performed by an alternative categorization method based on using only two extreme portions of the entire sample of sire means.
