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Mortality rates for the four smoking-associated diseases, were based on case fatality data from a variety of sources.
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The PSI is based on case-fatality ratio as a single criterion to assess severity of pandemic in initial stages.
Measures of population-level influenza severity are important for public health planning, but estimates are often based on case-fatality and case-hospitalization risks, which require multiple data sources, are prone to surveillance biases, and are typically unavailable in the early stages of an outbreak.
The estimated number of fatalities that could be avoided using the eCall system was based on case reports made by road accident investigation teams in 2001 2003, with almost maximum penetration level of the cellular phone density.
Death due to rotavirus infection was calculated based on a case fatality rate of 9 per 100,000 children (Table 1) [ 27].
Estimates of the number of infections are also essential for assessing severity as fatality and hospitalization rates may be overestimated if denominators are based on cases accessing health care [3], [13].
Backward calculations are then done to estimate the total number of Hib pneumonia and meningitis cases, which are based on estimated case-fatality rates for Hib pneumonia and meningitis.
Based on this case-fatality information we can thus estimate that TZD use for 2 years or more will carry an excess mortality of at least 21 per 100,000 woman-years from hip fracture, compared with an estimated excess mortality of about 14 per 100,000 person-years from bladder cancer in those exposed to pioglitazone.
There are no papers on the effect of obesity on case fatality in bacteraemia patients.
The effect of socio-economic status on case fatality has mainly been studied following myocardial infarction.
Participatory studies investigating relative incidence of livestock diseases and their impact on livelihoods in Turkana County reported PPR as one of the most important diseases based on morbidity and case fatality rates [ 15].
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