However, the study was done in 1976 and the method was based on cadaveric study using skin marking, therefore there might have been bias of results.
The existing literature on the subject is largely based on cadaveric dissection and goniometric measurement.
It may be absent in up to 20%% of subjects based on cadaveric dissections undertaken by Tubbs et al. [14, 19, 22, 24].
These values were based on a cadaveric study with 20 male femurs and 15 female femurs (Berger et al. 1993a).
Based on a cadaveric study, Itoi et al. (2000) introduced the term coaptation zone, in which the edges of a simulated Bankart lesion were kept approximated without the surrounding muscles.
Based on a cadaveric study, Ürgüden et al. [ 15] suggest that Rangachery type IV and V of the SSN may increase the risk of iatrogenic SN injury during rotator cuff tear repair, but no clinical data supports this theory.
Based on studies in cadaveric spines (unpublished data, N. Willems, and B.P. Meij) a volume of 30 μl could be injected into the NP without substantial resistance.
Apart from limitations that are generally associated with cadaveric measurements, such as post-mortem degeneration of tissue, age-dependency and effects of cadaver freezing, this study is based on measurements of only four cadaveric knee joints.
Based on the results of a cadaveric dissection and a clinical study of pressure measurements in healthy volunteers, the authors who presented that case reported that the paravertebral muscles were ensheathed in a fascial envelope, which is anatomically and physiologically similar to other muscle compartments known to be susceptible to CS.
The difference in optimal RD between that study and the present study can be explained by the fact that Bottlang used cadaveric bones, whereas the present study was based on simulated in vivo elbow fluoroscopy.
