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Ornamented males were categorized as independents or satellites based on behavioural observations [ 17].
The outcomes of our trial were based on behavioural observations of simulated GP-patient consultations assessed by a validated quantitative instrument (RIAS).
As the experiments were noninvasive and based on behavioural observations they do not fall under the Austrian Animal Experiments Act (§ 2, Federal Law Gazette No. 114/2012).
Furthermore, as the present study was strictly noninvasive and based on behavioural observations, all experiments were classified as nonanimal experiments in accordance with the Austrian Animal Experiments Act (§ 2, Federal Law Gazette No. 501/1989).
In addition to these visual traits, it has been hypothesized based on behavioural observations that the loud castanet-like click sound, which is emitted from the front knees of walking eland bulls, signals body size [ 26, 27].
The advice of direct observation of pain-related behaviour seems to be poorly implemented, as illustrated by this review, in which only three studies used rating scales based on behavioural observations [ 35, 38, 46].
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Pain measurement in nonverbal older adults is best based on behavioural observation, e.g. using an observational measurement tool such as Doloplus-2.
Non-verbal assessment tools based on behavioural observation methods include observation of changes in behaviour and functioning, involving sleep, appetite, physical activity, mobility and facial/body language.
Pain assessment tools based on behavioural observation methods include observation of changes in behaviour and functioning involving, for instance, sleep, appetite, physical activity, mobility and facial/body language [ 14, 16].
Doloplus-2 is a nonverbal assessment tool based on behavioural observation methods, with focus on changes from patients' normal behaviour.
In veterinary science instruments to measure pain are based on behavioural observation by the veterinary surgeon/nurse in the case of acute pain and by the owner in the case of chronic pain.
More suggestions(17)
based on previous observations
based on behavioural differences
based on behavioural symptoms
based on experimental observations
based on behavioural data
based on visual observations
based on new observations
based on behavioural theories
based on behavioural economics
based on preliminary observations
based on direct observations
based on behavioural tests
based on empirical observations
based on behavioural signs
based on behavioural attributes
based on behavioural patterns
based on repeated observations
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