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But now, says Tachi Yamada of the Gates Foundation, who was at GSK when the firm faced the South African backlash over HIV drugs, "pharma companies can't possibly survive without recognising their responsibilities to the poor".Some firms have adopted "differential pricing" schemes that use formulas, based on average income per head, to set lower prices in poor countries.
Due to space limitations, the analysis results for calibrations based on average income by province are not presented in this paper.
For our primary analyses, we divided families into four groups - low income, lower middle income, higher middle income, and high income - based on average income across the child's first 2 years of life, using the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles on income-to-needs as thresholds.
Household income was self-reported based on average income per month within the last year and stratified into low, medium and high.
Persistent poverty revealed the highest risk for poor subjective health; scores based on average income were substantially higher than those from single annual periods in poverty.
An international tiered pricing and compulsory licensing framework based on average income and burden of disease could ease the tension between governments' human rights obligation to provide medicines and governments' trade obligation to comply with the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
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Income quintile was defined using a method based on average household income from the 2001 Statistics Canada Census [ 37].
Income quintiles were calculated using a method based on average household income from the 2001 Statistics Canada Census [ 36].
Income quintile was defined using a method based on average household income for Statistics Canada Census dissemination areas (DAs) [ 26].
Income quintile was an area-level measure assigned based on average household income from the Statistics Canada Census.
In fact, if the cap was based on average household income rather than workplace earnings of a working family it would sit at £31,500.
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