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Studies, such as this one, do not require ethics committee approval because they are based on an observational surveillance database approved under national regulations (Comité National Informatique et Liberté).
For example, based on an observational study of a nationally representative sample of schools, a common weakness in observed science lessons was the opportunities for student sensemaking (NASEM, 2015; Weiss et al. 2003).
The analysis is based on an observational study of clinicians using a newly introduced glucometer on an oncology ward over approximately 150 h (11 days and 4 nights).
Even the author of the report, which is based on an observational study and not the kind of randomized, controlled clinical trial considered the gold standard in medicine, said the findings should not affect practice because the drug's benefits were well established.
The paper was based on an observational study that followed 1,279 men and women with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer, and thus was not the kind of randomized controlled clinical trial considered the gold standard for determining the course of treatment in medicine.
Using survey data of 12th graders in South Korea (n = 1943), this study employed an instrumental variables approach to address the self-selection problem of EA participation as the data for this study was based on an observational study design.
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Ascertainment was based on an epidemiologic, observational cross-sectional design, and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board.
Transition probabilities for the various states were obtained from the modeling study used as the basis to develop the present one and were originally based on a large observational study undertaken in Germany with 24,764 assisted reproductive cycles in total.
Parolari et al. reported, based on a prospective, observational study of 3219 patients after cardiac surgery, that multivariable logistic regression analysis identified furosemide during CPB as an independent predictor for postoperative AKI [6].
The new discovery of a single, much smaller planet orbiting Barnard's star is based on a different observational technique called radial velocity.
The study was based on a multicenter observational design.
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