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While the cost of electric buses exceeds that of conventionally powered vehicles, Conductix-Wampfler estimates a payback period of less than four years, based on an electric power cost of $9,000 a year versus a diesel fuel cost of $50,000.
For that purpose, a projection scheme for the electric current density is presented, based on an electric potential correction algorithm.
To describe this saturating decrease in conductivity, we propose a model based on an electric field-dependent carrier velocity v d (E) of the form: v d ( E ) = 1 μ 0 E + 1 v sat − 1 (1).
For comparative purposes, two different back-up system configurations, based on an electric chiller and a condensing gas-fired heater are also taken into account as conventional reference building-plant systems.
Actometers are based on an electric sensor and yield highly reliable data [ 8, 13, 14].
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The energy calculated based on an average electric field is not equivalent to that which would be determined from instantaneous electron interactions.
Model calculations based on an equivalent electric system of a reverse electrodialysis stack reveal that the effect of these salt bridges could be reduced via a proper stack design.
In 1999 this Atlanta duo released "Against da Grain," a modest debut album that included "85," a love song based on a hypnotic electric guitar figure; Big Boi, from OutKast, added a fast, sticky verse alongside the greasy ones from the two Youngbloodz, Sean Paul and J-Bo.
Three net zero energy balance solutions, based on all electric systems, were presented.
Since more than a decade the power system of this kind of vessels is based on a diesel-electric power plant where the propellers and thruster units are controlled by electrical drives.
Electrodialysis, based on applying an electric field of low intensity to extract metals from polluted soils/sediments, was designed for acidic and alkaline extraction, and in both cases more Cu was extracted than in the pure acid/base extractions, while maintaining low mobilisation of other metals.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com