Sentence examples for based on allozyme markers from inspiring English sources
Estimates of mean population outcrossing rates range from 0.32 to 0.64, based on allozyme markers [74], and up to 0.94±0.27 based on morphological markers [73].
Genetic divergence among species is known to be extremely variable, with F ST estimates ranging from 0.05 to over 0.77 based on allozyme markers [ 43].
Genetic analyses previously conducted on EWC have been mainly based on allozyme markers (Hofmeyer et al., 2007), while highly polymorphic markers such as microsatellites have not been developed for EWC.
For example, strong genetic differentiation in maize and mugwort races of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) was reported by Thomas et al. [ 43] based on allozyme markers, while only low genetic differentiation of races was detected by mitochondrial DNA analysis [ 43, 44].
In large-flowered C. heterophylla populations vary considerably in outcrossing rate, ranging between 0.32 and 0.64 based on allozyme markers and microsatellite markers (Charlesworth and Mayer 1995; Kalisz et al. 2012) and between 0.62 and 0.94 based on morphological markers (Weil and Allard 1964).
In fire ants belonging to the Solenopsis genus, genetic analyses based on allozyme and mitochondrial markers demonstrated the occurrence of sympatric and indistinguishable cryptic species [ 42- 44].
Previous studies that used standard differentiation tests were based on enzyme markers (allozymes) and detected only one or a few significantly different loci (e.g., Knowles 1985; Cheliak et al. 1988; Desponts et al. 1993; Rajora 1999) or one or few lost alleles (e.g., Chaisurisri and El-Kassaby 1994; El-Kassaby and Ritland 1996) between the breeding (selected) and natural populations.
Currently, there is one molecular study based on low polymorphic markers (allozymes) that suggests no genetic differentiation within the range of P. pringlei (Fleming et al., 1998).
Multivariate ordination of populations based on nuclear molecular markers (allozymes and nuSSRs) showed a clear clustering of provenances sharing a given mtDNA lineage.
Homology assignments are based on > 2 markers (bold, italics), 2 markers (bold), or a single marker.
