Exact(3)
More importantly, however, it is an opportunity for forward-looking leaders in the region to create a sustainable basis for their rule — one that isn't based on a shell game of threats and excuses.
Validation of the PFA-TWB against an integrated PFA model based on a shell formulation and implemented in the commercial software tool GENOA is conducted for static load conditions.
The advanced blade modelling approach is based on a shell element model where the adhesive bondline in the trailing edge region is discretised by means of solid brick elements which are connected via Multi-Point-Constraint to the shell elements.
Similar(5)
The design method is based on a shell-and-tube configuration, whereby a series of standard tube diameters are chosen, and the tube-side steady flow (throughput) and oscillatory mixing conditions are chosen to ensure optimal mixing conditions.
A method based on a shear deformation (Timoshenko-Mindlin) shell theory is investigated to determine the free vibration characteristics of a moderately-thick or thick toroidal shell.
For the purpose of carrying out topology optimization of shell structures, we show that it is advantageous to use shell elements based on a classical shell theory (such as the Cosserat theory) rather than elements based on the degenerated solid approach, since the shell thickness appears explicitly in the formulation, thereby greatly simplifying the sensitivity analysis.
Although one could use this element, the use of lower-order elements often results in instabilities (such as the "checkerboard" instability) in the resulting topologies; this provides the motivation for developing higher-order shell elements based on a classical shell theory.
The problem is studied based on a thick shell theory, in which each layer is modeled as a single orthotropic shell and the two sets of shell equations are combined together by the continuity conditions of the displacements and tractions at the shell interface.
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