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Furthermore, the seven Glu-D3 LMW-GS genes of Xiaoyan 54 each had one closely related counterpart (based on a nucleotide sequence identity above 97%) among the six Glu-D3 LMW-GS genes isolated from diverse bread wheat varieties [44], [45].
This study was based on a nucleotide sequence alignment of only two gene families, but it included 8 endosymbiotic gamma proteobacterial taxa.
Custom written script was used for additional sorting and filtering of the pileup output based on a nucleotide depth cutoff of 10 for each SNP.
All human genes were classified into six temporal groups based on a nucleotide sequence similarity search using BLAST [ 49] against several clades in the known evolutionary tree [ 33] with an E-value threshold set to e-20.
The molecular phylogeny based on a nucleotide sequence alignment of RNAP2 genes (ama-1) is in agreement with the one published by Kiontke et al. [ 7] (see Figure 1).
To characterize evolutionary changes in gene methylation, we further classified chicken genes into four temporal groups based on a nucleotide sequence similarity search using BLAST against several clades in the evolutionary tree (hereafter referred to as TG, with TG1 being the oldest group; see the Methods section) [ 38].
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The first formulation is based on a nucleotide-level alignment model; a second, potentially faster formulation is based on chaining fragments shared between each transcript and the reference genome.
This last trend can be partially explained by simple combinatorial rules based on A-C-T-G nucleotide distribution [ 26].
Using the recently identified molecular determinants of the tobacco leaf necrosis symptom induced by PVYN isolates, a one-step fluorescent [TaqMan®] RT-PCR assay, based on a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) linked to the necrosis property of PVY isolates, has been designed.
Analysis of the two mtDNAs indicated that the isolates are significantly different from one another with 12.6% and 9.9% nucleotide and amino acid divergence between them, for concatenated protein-coding genes; overall difference based on a pairwise nucleotide alignment of complete mtDNAs was 11.8%.
The topology of the maximum likelihood tree based on a direct nucleotide alignment (edited with ALISCORE; including 12,648 positions; Additional file 5) does not differ from that based on the nucleotide alignment derived from the amino acid alignment in any strongly supported nodes.
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